Faunal Diversity, Threats and Concerns of Kanjli Wetland, Punjab, India- A Review

Abstract

Kanjli (31o42′N 75o22′E) is a man-made wetland on the Kali Bein river in Punjab's Kapurthala district. It has a total size of 183 ha, with the Kanjli lake water spread covering 78 ha, and was added to the Ramsar list in 2002. A variety of flora and species occupy the wetlands, including several rare and endangered plants and animals. The wetland is home to four animal species, 90 bird species, and 35 fish species. The marsh has been home to a variety of fish species, including Catla catla, Cirrihinus mrigala, Channa striatus, Channa marulius, Labeo calbasu, and Labeo rohita. The Great Crested Grebe, Brahminy duck, Pintail, Common Teal, Mallard, Gadwall, Wigeon, Blue Winged Teal, Shoveller, Red Crested Pochard, and Common Pochard are all important migratory birds. The main risks to the wetland include weed growth (Eichhornia crassipes), reduced water flow, sewage pollution, deforestation, siltation, and encroachments. Migratory birds and visitors are avoiding this wetland as a result of these issues. To conserve this vital wetland in Punjab, the government and non-governmental organisations must continue to pursue conservation and management measures.