@article{et. al_2020, title={Effect of Breakfast Intake on Body Mass Index of Females at One Year after Delivery in Alexandria}, volume={29}, url={http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/3380}, abstractNote={<p><em>BACKGROUND: Addressing different risk factors among postpartum females may help reduce weight retention and prevent intergenerational obesity. The objective of this study was to </em><em>assess factors that might affect BMI of females at one year after delivery in Alexandria in the period between January 2014 and ended in October 2014. Methods: The study is a case control study comprised a total of 200 females at one year after delivery who attended the family health centers in Alexandria in 2014;100 females at one year after delivery with BMI &gt;25 and 100 females at one year after delivery with normal BMI. The target population was interviewed to collect the study data through the use of pre-designed questionnaire sheet which included socio-demographic data, dietary behavior data, breastfeeding data, contraceptive use data, gestational weight gain data GWG </em><em>and height and weight measurement </em><em>to determine their (BMI).</em> <em>RESULTS:</em><em> There was significant association between gestational duration</em><em> gestational (</em><em>c</em><em><sup>2</sup></em><em>= 4.700, p = 0.030)</em><em>, birth interval </em><em>(</em><em>c</em><em><sup>2</sup></em><em>= 14.831, p &lt; 0.001)</em><em>, caesarean section </em><em>(</em><em>c</em><em><sup>2</sup></em><em>= 6.876, p = 0.009) and</em><em> GWG and postpartum BMI (t = 2.480, p = 0.014). Moreover, there was significant association between breastfeeding and postpartum BMI (</em><em>c</em><em><sup>2</sup></em><em>= 5.604, p = 0.018). Those who didn’t breastfeed their infant had 2.4 times greater risk for increasing postpartum BMI than those who breastfed their infant as recommended (OR = 2.44). Females who gave formula feeding to their infants without breastfeeding had four times greater risk for increasing postpartum BMI than those who breast feed their infants (OR = 4.054). Females who breastfed their infants for less than 6 months had ten and half times greater risk for increasing postpartum BMI than those who breastfed their infants for more than 6 months (OR = 10.5). Those who introduced complementary food from two to less than 4 months had an increase in postpartum BMI. Those who began weaning before 4 months had an increase in postpartum BMI. &nbsp;Additionally, there was significant association between type of contraception methods and postpartum BMI. (</em><em>c</em><em><sup>2</sup></em><em>= 17.999, p = 0.001). Females who used combined contraceptive pills had about 3 times greater risk for increasing postpartum BMI than females who used other methods of contraception (OR = 2.92). Females who used hormonal contraception had 2.3 times greater risk for increasing postpartum BMI than females who did not use hormonal contraception (OR = 2.39). Furthermore, there was significant association between breakfast consumption and postpartum BMI (</em><em>c</em><em><sup>2</sup></em><em>= 10.889, p = 0.028). Women who skipped breakfast all through the week had 3.3 times greater risk for increasing postpartum BMI than females who regularly ate breakfast (OR = 3.324). </em><em>Conclusions:</em><em> increase postpartum BMI is multi-factorial problem. Giving birth to third child, short gestational duration, short birth interval, caesarean section, high GWG, giving formula feeding without breastfeeding, breastfeeding less than 6 months, introducing complementary food from two to less than 4 months, introducing more than one food item, weaning before 4 months, using combined contraceptive pills, hormonal contraception, skipping breakfast,&nbsp; and consumption of 2-4 cups of water&nbsp; per day. Interventions to control these factors are recommended in order to prevent an increase in the postpartum BMI. &nbsp;</em></p&gt;}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology}, author={et. al, Nermean Saad El Beltagy}, year={2020}, month={Jan.}, pages={1404 - 1415} }