EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HYBRID BATTERY/SUPER CAPACITOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Abstract

The internal combustion engine (ICE) was in use in automobiles for more than a century. The main input of the ICE engine is fossil fuel (petrol & diesel) which will become depleted in the future. So, the alternative source is needed for the vehicle to run. The conventional electric vehicle is powered by electric motor that is powered by batteries. The battery is the only outlet for a typical electric vehicle; the only downside is inconsistent load to the engine. So, during this situation the battery output current varies frequently, the battery should supply more power. Because of this problem, the battery's internal resistance increases which leads to thermal problems and a reduction in battery efficiency. In this paper the above problem is overcome by combining battery and super capacitor using the Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). The super capacitors assist the battery at peak load production, and compensate for the load pressure. This increases the life cycle of the battery and improves efficiency by 20%. Compared to conventional electric vehicles (EVs) using a massive DC-DC converter to communicate between the battery and the super capacitor, the new design requires a much smaller DC-DC converter to retain super capacitor voltage at a value greater than battery voltage