Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Effects of Medicinal Plants Extract with Indigenous Cow Ark Against Human Pathogens

Abstract

Cow urine has several medicinal properties. In this study, we investigated antimicrobial, antioxidant and antibiofilm activity of Indigenous cow ark in combination with four medicinal plants (Acalypha indica, Tamarindus indica, Gymnema sylvestre & Murraya koienigii) against three human pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia). The antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and biofilm susceptibility of cow ark with four herbal plant extracts were tested using experimental techniques. The antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH. The antimicrobial activity against the microbes Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, was tested using agar well diffusion technique. The biofilm susceptibility was tested using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Our study showed that cow urine with herbal plant extract has strong inhibitory effect against pathogens at 100µg/ml. They inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The indigenous cow ark (100 µg/ ml) with Acalypha indica extract had higher antioxidants activity than the other three plant extracts. The results proved that the herbal plant extracts with indigenous cow ark has good inhibitory activities and further it can be considered as potential drug for human pathogens.