Modified LEACH Protocol for Increasing a Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Because of the various environmental conditions, the power sources that are used in WSNs for the various sensors that make up the network are typically not rechargeable or interchangeable. Because of this, improving the network's energy efficiency is essential if you want to extend its lifetime. In WSN, the process of transmitting data uses the majority of the energy that is available from the sensors, which reduces the overall lifetime of the network. It has been suggested that numerous strategies could be used to lessen the effect that communication protocols have on the waste of energy that is produced by WSN. The low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy, often known as LEACH, is a system that is built on clusters that divides the network into multiple distinct clusters.  LEACH chooses a few sensor nodes at random to serve as cluster heads (CHs) based on random numbers that are generated in each sensor node. These sensor nodes then cycle through this position in order to distribute the energy burden evenly among all of the sensors in the network. In this research, we present a brand new modified routing protocol with the goal of increasing the energy efficiency of the WSN. The newly suggested improved energy adjusted LEACH (IL-MLEACH) protocol takes into account both the average energy of the networks as well as the energy that is remaining in the nodes. The suggested IL-MLEACH takes into account the numbers of the optimal CHs and prevents the nodes that are located closer to the base station (BS) from participating in the cluster formation in order to achieve a sufficient level of performance in terms of the reduction of the amount of sensor energy that is consumed. During the data transmission phase, an upgraded PSO known as DPSO is employed for efficient relay node selection. This helps to further increase the energy efficiency of the process. In order to achieve a reasonable and stable level of energy consumption. For effective relay choice, the DPSO takes into account both the node cost and the delay from beginning to finish.   The findings of the simulation and the analysis indicate that the suggested method has the potential to produce significantly improved performance of WSN in terms of the amount of energy that is dissipated, the lifetime of the network, and the quality of communication.