Using Fuzzy based clustering and Cluster-Head rotation for Energy efficient Routing Protocol in WSNs

Abstract

The rapid development in the wireless communication technology, open the way for evolving the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and their applications in several domains. WSN is formed by limited energy sensor nodes that are utilized in a hostile environment. The energy required for communication among sensor networks can be defined as one of the important challenges for avoiding the massive loss or drop of the packets, fast depletion of energy  and unfairness over network, which leads to reducing the efficiency of the node and increasing the delays concerning the delivery of packets. Which is why, there has been a high need towards checking the utilization of energy by nodes for the sake of enhancing the general efficiency of the network via applying intelligent approaches for minimizing these energy to prolong the WSN lifetime, and for making effective routing decisions. For this reasons designing an energy efficient clustering considered the most efficient methods for extending the WSN’s lifetime, but there is one cluster head (CH) for each one of the clusters, and the energy of This CH exhausted faster compared to other nodes. Which is why, the CH has to be rotated in order to address unbalanced load in large-scale WSN and to increase the network life-time. In the present research, we have presented fuzzy algorithm and decision tree based methods for clustering and cluster-head rotation. The proposed methods have two stages; in the first stage Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) is used for cluster. While in the second stage Fuzzy Logic (FL) with Decision Tree (DT) is used for rotating the CH based on the distance and the energy of the remaining nodes. The simulation result shows that the suggested algorithm is more efficient compared to the existent algorithms concerning the number of first node die per round, number of a live nodes, and energy consumption.