Study of Impact of Industrialization on Groundwater quality using Remote sensing and Geospatial tools in Bhiwadi region of Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the impact of land use change, especially increased industrialization, on groundwater quality in the Bhiwadi region of Rajasthan in India between 2006 and 2017. The LANDSAT-TM, ETM+ and OLI satellite images are used for delineation of land-use and land-cover (LULC) maps of the area using maximum likelihood supervised classification algorithm. Results indicate that urbanization has increased at an abnormal rate during 2006 to 2017, with drastic reduction in vegetation area. Urban area has increased by about 244% from 2006 to 2017.The submerged water bodies has increased by 346% as a result of rapid industrialization in the study area. Vegetation area has decreased by 17.83% over the same period. During 2006 to 2011, significant increase in open land area, approximately by 530 hectare at an average rate of 106 hectare/year and decrease from 2011 to 2017 by 245 hectare at an average rate of 41 hectare/year has been observed. Further findings revealed that the number of water bodies due to effluent water discharge from industrial clusters has increased in the study area. Relation between industrialization and spread of heavy metals (Cr, Ni and Pb) in groundwater is also investigated in the study using Geographical Information Systems (GIS).It is found that the groundwater around 10 water bodies out of total15 has high concentration of Cr, Ni or Pb, clearly indicating contamination of groundwater due to improper discharge of treated/untreated waste effluent in the study area