Micro Grid Control Methods around the World: State of Art

Abstract

This paper deals with the recent evolution of micro grids being used around the world in real life applications as well as laboratory application for research. This study is intended to introduce the subject by reviewing the components level, structure and types of micro grid applications installed as a plant or modeled as a simulation environment. The paper also presents a survey regarding published papers on why the micro grid is required, and what the components and control systems are which constitute the actual micro grid studies. It leads the researcher to see the micro grid in terms of the actual bigger picture of today and creates a new outlook about the potential developments. Comparison of micro grids in various regions based on several parameters allows researchers to define the required criteria and features of a special micro grid that is chosen for a particular scenario. The authors of this paper also tabulated all the necessary information about micro grids, Micro grids (MGs) are new emerging concept in electrical engineering. Apart from their many benefits, there are many problems and challenges in the integration of this concept in power systems such as their control and stability, which can be solved by Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources acting alone does not make the system reliable; however, combining one or more sources (like solar, wind, diesel, biomass, micro-hydel, etc.) with adequate storage options or intelligent control of hybrid systems ensures power availability to the end user. The demand uncertainties are modeled by investigating the stochastic load behavior by applying Monte Carlo simulation. the combined heat and power functionality of a fuel-cell in a residential hybrid energy system.