MODERN ECOLOGICAL - BIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF SALT-AFFECTED SOILS IN THE ARAL SEA AREA

Abstract

In given article it is showed a role of soil biological activity in the soil-forming process. It is noted that knowing of properties of biological processes caused by soil biota complex, respiration intensity and enzyme activity, makes it possible to keep and increase soil fertility. In the article the results are presented on the patterns of alterations in the biological activity of soils that are common in the Aral Sea area depending on salinity degree and year’s seasons. As well, it is substantiated a value of informative indicators of biological activity in bio-diagnostics of fertility of salinized desert soils. It was revealed that at optimal values ​​of agrochemical and agro physical properties of studied soils, favorable conditions were created for microorganisms’ development, resulting in a high intensity of soil respiration and increased enzymatic activity. Results of statistical data processing showed the existence of close links between the considered parameters. Accordingly, studied enzymes’ activity was comparatively high in non-salinized and slightly salinized-irrigated soils, with an increase in salinity degree, their activity decreased to minimum values. Nature of the seasonal dynamics of biological activity has its peak in spring and gradually decreases in summer and rises in autumn.