Online Learning Implementation during COVID-19 Mitigation in Indonesia: Measuring the Lecturers’ Technology Readiness

Abstract

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic released by WHO, the Indonesian government has
made various efforts to prevent it, including its anticipation in education. In such a situation, almost
all education institutions try to issue the best policies to carry out online learning. The lecturers have
been trying various platforms for online learning according to their levels of understanding. This
study seeks to reveal the level of technological readiness of the lecturers in online learning by
comparing it to several demographic variables. The ex-post facto design approach was implemented
in this study. The participants were taken by accident sampling technique using Google Form. The
instrument used to measure Technology Readiness Index (TRI) was a questionnaire with Likert scales
ranging from 1 to 5 (from Absolutely Disagree to Absolutely Agree). There are four factors of
Technology Readiness (TR): Optimism (4 items), Innovativeness (4 items), Discomfort (4 items), and
Insecurity (4 items). In this study, there were three analytical techniques, i.e., descriptive statistics,
Two-Way ANOVA, and Cluster Analysis. The results of this study reveal that demographic factors do
not affect the level of technology readiness of the lecturers, except in their subject areas. Through
more in-depth analysis, the finding confirms that the sudden change due to COVID-19 mitigation
causes polarization of technological segmentation at which there are no Paranoids and Laggards
segments. Those who exist are only the Explorers, Pioneers, and Skeptics segments appearing in three
different clusters. This paper contributes to the research into the demographics factors in higher
education that affect online learning adoption during mitigation.