Studies of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of Diabetic and NonDiabetic Blood using 532 nm Wavelength Lasers in Low Level Laser Therapy for Optimal Blood Stimulation

Abstract

The study explores the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement procedure to
elucidate appropriate irradiation conditions for low-level laser therapy for diabetic blood and
biostimulaation effects. The measured EIS error increases with blood dielectric parameters
variations and the shift range of polarization. Indeed, the blood dielectric parameters depend not
only on the depletion of the cell membrane but also on the polarization in erythrocytes and
plasma. Blood dielectric spectroscopy (diabetic of glucose range 7.8-11.3 mmol/L and nondiabetic) were analysed using Impedance analyser (Agilent 4294A) within frequency range 40
Hz-30 MHz. A 532 nm wavelength portable laser (diode-pumped solid-state laser) at 50 mW
power output was used for the irradiation. The results showed that the characterized diabetic
blood impedance at 50 mW power output within 10 to 15 minutes of irradiation rejuvenates the
deteriorated blood and attains optimal biostimulation efficacy also improved erythrocytes
deformibility. The electrode polarization (α-dispersion range) extended from frequency 40 Hz to
range 11.7-11.9 kHz akin to normal blood. There is higher impedance experienced in the
cytoplasm and blood plasma therefore appropriately moderates glucose concentration prevents
efflux of K+ and calcium ions. This reduces blood coagulation process and the morphology of
the bloat cells to an apt biconcave-like shape.