Design Optimization of a Helical Coil Spring Considering Multiple Objectives using Heuristic and Numerical Approach

Abstract

In this study, a compression helical spring used in commercial transport three-wheeler made of IS 4454 material is modeled as design optimization problem considering bi-objectives namely minimizing the volume of the spring and maximizing the strain energy of the spring. Volume minimization leads to reduction in the cost of the spring. Increase in strain energy in the spring leads to better utility and functionality of the spring. Helical coil spring has been modeled as a bi-objective mathematical optimization problem considering design parameters namely spring-wire-diameter, mean-coil-diameter and number of active coils. The objective functions are constrained with realistic side and behavior constraints. Non-dominated Pareto front is generated using the Non-Dominated Sorting GA-II heuristic approach.  The non-dominated solutions obtained from heuristic approach are validated by numerical solution.