A GENERAL OVERVIEW ON BIOSURFACTANT AND ITS PROMISING STRATEGIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOREMEDIATION

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination from process industries, hydrocarbons from refinery industries and automobile exhaust led to numerous health hazards. Lack of proper waste treatment technologies increases thepollution level in environment.Heavy metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollution had been the main threat for human beings by causing deadly disease “cancer”. They get accumulated in environment, consumed and biomagnified causing wide range of health hazards in mammals.Chemical and physical methods of treatment were not efficient and had many drawbacks. The most eco-friendly and conventional way of treating waste is by the use of Biosurfactants. They being amphiphillic can absorb and cleave the fatty acid chains.Biosurfactants has eminent applications in industriesincluding pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and petroleum industries. Biosurfactants as a remediator has sought many applications since 1960. This review article gives a brief account on classification, screening techniques, production, purification and application of biosurfactant in environmental bioremediations